US sets Gulf of Maine areas for massive floating wind but Lobstermen ready for a fight

Region surpasses local goals and could spur first US floating development, but fisheries already gearing up to protest

A fisherman wearing blue gloves is holding a live lobster while sorting lobsters by size in Maine.
A fisherman wearing blue gloves is holding a live lobster while sorting lobsters by size in Maine.Foto: WoodysPhotos/Shutterstock

US offshore energy regulator Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) announced its finalised wind energy areas (WEAs) for the Gulf of Maine in the North Atlantic holding some 32GW of potential floating wind capacity.

The WEA totals about two million acres (8,093 km2) and ranges from 23 miles (51km) to 92 miles offshore Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire.

“BOEM is committed to maintaining strong collaboration with the states of Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire as we advance our efforts in the Gulf of Maine,” said BOEM director Elizabeth Klein.

“We remain dedicated to engaging with tribal governments, federal and state agencies, ocean stakeholders, coastal communities, and all interested parties as we progress through our environmental review.”

BOEM said it finalised the WEA after extensive engagement with ocean users including the fishing community. Based on the feedback received about natural and cultural resources and current ocean uses, the WEA represents an 80% reduction from the area BOEM initially identified for possible leasing and a 43% reduction from the Draft WEA.

The WEA represents an 80% reduction in the original area identified by the bureau and a 43% cut on the draft WEA to avoid conflicting with designated fishing grounds, critical marine habitat, and tribal use areas.

State goals

The Gulf of Maine is vital for ensuring that state goals in the US Northeast can be met, as the current slate of WEAs off southern New England and the Mid-Atlantic states are rapidly being deployed.

Massachusetts mandates 5.6GW contracted by 2027 but is in the frame for up to 10GW total to meet its emissions and climate targets.

Massachusetts has joined neighbours Connecticut and Rhode Island in a combined 6GW procurement round to be awarded at the end of the month, with more to come.
New York law requires 9GW of capacity operational by 2035, but Doreen Harris, CEO of state regulator New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (Nyserda) has suggested up to 20GW will be needed to meet clean energy targets.

The deep waters of the Maine Gulf ranging from 200-400 metres will require floating platforms, which could delay deployment.

Maine sees offshore wind as a potential boon for the state economy and is helping lead development of the 144MW New England Aqua Ventus (NEAV) research array some 23 miles southeast of Portland with technology partner University of Maine (UMaine) and commercial associate Mitsubishi-owned Diamond Offshore.
NEAV will deploy VolturnUS concrete floating platforms developed by UMaine that are based on bridgebuilding technology and can be readily produced from local materials.

While California floating has already gotten underway with BOEM's successful auction in 2022, water depths averaging 1,000 metres and lack of regional ports could delay deployment until early next decade.

Habib Dagher, executive director of the UMaine’s research laboratory on floating wind told Recharge the US could “have its first floating array” in the Gulf of Maine by 2029.

The state has identified Sears Island for potential development as a floating wind port and forecasts millions in economic development.

Floating wind shot

The US is making a big push into floating wind, where it sees opportunity to become a global leader.

President Joe Biden's administration is targeting 15GW of floating wind off US shores by 2035 in complement to the 30GW by 2030 goal. Included is the Department of Energy (DoE)’s push to reduce the sector's levelised cost of energy (LCOE) by 70% to $40/MWh.

This is the third area targeted for floating wind development following the deep waters off coastal California and Oregon and the first on the East Coast.

The area’s multiple stakeholders could prove an obstacle to the sector, and already Maine governor Janet Mills, a sector supporter, put her weight behind a law banning development in state waters at the urging of the powerful lobster fishery.

Fisheries organisations are already ramping up to oppose the sector as is being seen in other areas, including southern New England and offshore Oregon.

The Maine Lobsterman’s Association has launched protests against the sector, while Maine-based New England Fishermen’s Stewardship Association released a study in August highlighting the perceived threat posed by floating wind development.

BOEM will publish the final WEA in the Federal Register, the nation’s journal of record, on 18 March, initiating a 30-day comment period.

(Copyright)
. Chart showing Gulf of Maine wind energy areas.Foto: BOEM
Published 15 March 2024, 15:40Updated 15 March 2024, 15:40
AmericasUSMaineGulf of MaineNew England Aqua Ventus