US green-light's New Jersey offshore wind transmission plan as 'reliable and affordable'

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's approval clears way for state ambition to have 7.5GW of sea-based wind flowing into grid by 2035

The former coal-fired BL England generating station in New Jersey is being converted to become an interconnection point for incoming offshore wind production
The former coal-fired BL England generating station in New Jersey is being converted to become an interconnection point for incoming offshore wind productionFoto: Smallbones Public Domain
The US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the agency charged with regulating interstate electricity transmission and wholesale markets, has given final approval to New Jersey’s request for development of an offshore wind grid, paving the way for the managed integration of the state’s 7.5GW 2035 goal for the fast-emerging sector.
The ruling comes a year after the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (BPU) and regional transmission operator PJM initiated a competitive solicitation for transmission projects to underpin integration of vast volumes of offshore wind power into the regional grid under the state agreement approach (SAA).

The SAA process allows states to incorporate policy goals as an equal factor to market efficiency or reliability, as is typical, when proposing grid upgrades.

“We find that the proposed SAA agreement is just and reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or preferential,” the FERC commissioners wrote in their ruling.

The solicitation, which closed last September, attracted 80 bids from 13 developers from some of the industry’s biggest utilities and merchant transmission developers, including renewables grid developer Anbaric, the US’ largest renewables operator, NextEra, New York utility Con Edison, and an Orsted-PSEG tie up with Coastal Winds.

The New Jersey tender targeted four objectives, including the upgrade of existing onshore transmission facilities, construction of new land- and sea-based power infrastructure, and the creation of an offshore grid.

“This first-of-its-kind agreement... provides a unique pathway to help states reach their energy policy goals while maintaining the focus on reliability and affordability,” said Suzanne Glatz, director of strategic initiatives and interregional planning at PJM. “FERC’s order establishes a template for all states in the PJM region to implement their specific public policies.”

PJM first established the SAA process eight years ago but this is the first time that it has been implemented. New Jersey currently has three projects under development, the 1.1GW Ocean Winds 1, a tie-up between Danish developer Orsted and New Jersey utility PSEG, the 1.14GW Ocean Winds 2, owned by Orsted, and the 1.5GW Atlantic Shores, a joint venture between Shell New Energies and EDF.
Transmission concerns are top of mind for the nation's offshore wind industry, with 30GW of capacity expected to be connected by 2030, even the $65bn for grid transmission upgrades included in the $1tn Infrastructure Act might fall short of actual need.
Anbaric CEO Clarke Bruno told an American Clean Power Association webinar last year that a planned offshore wind grid would be easier to balance, more sustainable, and cheaper in the long run

“It’s a greater use of scarce resources, and results in fewer cables and fewer costs to the environment,” he said.

New Jersey BPU said in a statement: “FERC’s decision recognizes the importance of clean energy to our economy and environment, and specifically the central role that offshore wind will play in our future energy policies.”

The BPU said it is now in the process of reviewing the 80 bids, and anticipates making a final determination later this year “on which, if any, applications result in the most efficient and cost-effective outcome for New Jersey ratepayers”.

Despite growing enthusiasm for the offshore wind industry, New Jersey faced opposition from the Ohio Federal Energy Advocate (FEA), a public ratepayer activist group, as well as a group of transmission operators working within PJM’s region of service.

At issue was who pays for grid upgrades under the SAA transmission process. As noted in FERC’s ruling, the SAA explicitly states “the costs of transmission facilities that a state voluntarily sponsors are recovered only from the customers in the sponsoring state”, i.e. New Jersey.

PJM’s SAA process does, however, provide cost-sharing mechanisms for future users of grid assets built under the SAA process who are not New Jersey BPU-designated power generators.

New Jersey BPU stated that this cost-sharing mechanism is essential to protect New Jersey ratepayers from future “free riders” of its offshore wind grid.

James Danly, one of two Republicans on FERC’s board and the lone dissenting voice, expressed concern that the cost-sharing mechanism would enable New Jersey to “seek to shift or socialize the costs of the transmission projects... to the ratepayers in other states”.

The other four FERC commissioners disagreed with Danly’s assessment by noting that the SAA provides sufficient guarantees that only ratepayers in New Jersey would be liable for the costs of the state’s offshore wind grid.

While New Jersey may be setting the template for offshore wind transmission, the industry faces multiple bottlenecks, including lack of adequate supply chain or port infrastructure, insufficient workforce, and permitting hurdles, all of which may derail the effort to reach the national and state goals.
(Copyright)
Published 20 April 2022, 00:20Updated 20 April 2022, 00:20
FERCPJMNextEra EnergyCon Edison Anbaric