'Too much and too fast' | Whale beachings spark call for New York Bight offshore wind pause

Mass marine mammal mortality highlights struggle to roll out giga-scale development in top US markets while protecting environment and key fisheries

Whale mortality. Humpback whales feeding.
Whale mortality. Humpback whales feeding.Foto: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

A consortium of environmental and fisheries activist groups is calling for a moratorium on all offshore wind-related activities along the US states of New Jersey and New York after seven whale carcasses recently washed up on their beaches.

Since 5 December, four humpback whales, two sperm whales, and a juvenile critically endangered North Atlantic right whale were discovered. The causes of death remain unclear.

In a letter to President Joe Biden, Clean Ocean Action, along with several organisations opposed to offshore wind, insisted that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Fisheries bureau conduct an immediate investigation into the “unprecedented number” of dead whales.

“We demand a full-stop on any new, pending, and planned offshore wind permitting, leasing activities, solicitations, and power purchase agreements”, they said in the letter.

They want the moratorium to encompass federal waters from Cape May at the southern tip of New Jersey to Montauk Point on the eastern extremity of Long Island, New York.

The moratorium would last “until an assessment of the cause of these marine mammal deaths is determined and publicly agreed upon measures can be enacted.”

NOAA-Fisheries is the government watchdog of the US coastal environment and a key consulting agency in the approval of offshore wind projects.

The two states are among the industry’s biggest proponents, with mandates for 20GW of offshore wind capacity between them and are the likely markets for the six leases holding as much as 10GW of capacity auctioned off last year in the record-setting New York Bight.
Nearly 4GW of projects are already underway in area coastal waters, including Empire Wind 1 & 2, Ocean Wind 1 & 2, and Atlantic Shores.

All the whale species are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act, with the North Atlantic right whale down to less than 350 individuals.

The group contends that “ongoing geological seafloor-mapping and surveying and other pre-construction and construction actions” may have played a role in these and other marine mammal deaths.

Whale deaths increase in US Atlantic

The roll out of vast amounts of offshore wind in the mid-Atlantic and New England regions is being challenged by the need to protect vital marine ecosystems and lucrative fisheries.

The environmental groups that signed the letter include several names of organisations that have or are currently engaged in lawsuits against the federal government to stop offshore wind development.
Site assessment work is ongoing for multiple projects already underway while leaseholders in the record-setting New York Bight have started to assess their acquisitions, including the RWE-National Grid-owned Community Offshore Wind development.

NOAA-Fisheries has 11 active and five pending Incidental Take Authorizations (ITAs) and Incidental Take Regulations (ITR) in the region, which permit the unintended harassment of marine mammals and other wildlife while conducting survey operations but does not authorise accidental deaths.

The strandings are occurring amid years of unusual mortality events (UME) seen in several whale species along the US Atlantic coast starting in 2016.

NMFS data indicates that 174 humpback whales and 35 North Atlantic right whales have perished in that time.

Partial or full necropsies [autopsies] conducted on approximately half of the whales, with about 40% of those examined, show “evidence of human interaction, either ship strike or entanglement”, Lauren Gaches NOAA-Fisheries public affairs, told Recharge.

“To date, no humpback whale mortality has been attributed to offshore wind activities.”

Gib Brogan, fisheries campaign manager with environmental group Oceana, which did not join in the supporting the letter by Clean Ocean Action, told Recharge that they are expecting NOAA-Fisheries “to come out with some information about what the cause of these deaths are”.

“If in fact, there is some connection to the site characterisation work that's going on, we’d expect that there would be some changes to these activities and the permitting that’s going on up and down the east coast.”

Clean Ocean Action is calling for more drastic action beyond the immediate whale deaths and is looking for a slower and more measured rollout of the offshore wind industry in American waters.

Cindy Zipf, head of the group, told Recharge that the Biden administration’s call for 30GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030, which would result in over 2,000 turbines spinning across millions of acres of ocean, “is too much and too fast”.

“There's just been a lot of fast tracking” of project development, she said. “The government has said, it’s going to be done responsibly and protect the marine environment. We have not seen the evidence of that.”

(Copyright)
Chart depicting lease areas in New York BightFoto: BOEM
Published 12 January 2023, 16:53Updated 12 January 2023, 16:53
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