'Immense potential' | California floating wind looks seaward as US ups sails for first auction

Landmark 4.5GW leasing in US Pacific completes Biden administration's pledge to hold three major offshore sales this year, after New York Bight and Carolina tenders in Atlantic

. California Governor Gavin Newsom.
. California Governor Gavin Newsom.Foto: Gage Skidmore/Flickr

The US has cemented plans for a first offshore wind auction in its Pacific waters, with the Biden administration announcing an auction ranging over two large areas off the coast of California with a total 4.5GW of potential capacity for development with floating turbines.

The proposed lease sale, first mooted in March this year, builds on the wider momentum being generated by the sector in the Atlantic, most recently with a tender for the Carolina Long Bay, off North Carolina.

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), the federal agency under the Department of the Interior charged with regulating energy development in federal waters, released its proposed sale notice (PSN) for three zones in the Morro Bay wind energy area (WEA) off central California and two in the Humboldt WEA off northern California, totalling some 373,268 acres.

The lease areas in Morro Bay would have a combined 3GW of capacity, while Humboldt Bay’s two areas would have over 1.5GW.

“Today, we are taking another step toward unlocking the immense potential of offshore wind energy offshore our nation’s west coast to help combat the effects of climate change while creating good-paying jobs,” said US Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, at the launch of the California auction.

The PSN will be published 31 May in the Federal Register, the official record of the US government, which will open up a 60-day comment period before a final sale notice is formulated and published, with the winners in the auction expected to known by year’s-end.

This auction will extend the offshore wind sector from its heartland in the northeast Atlantic into the deep waters of America’s Pacific-facing outer continental shelf (OCS), spearheading the US’ drive into floating wind technologies.

“Advancing offshore wind on the west coast unlocks floating offshore turbine technology and will start a modern-day gold rush to revolutionise California’s energy sector with offshore wind development,” said Liz Burdock, CEO of the Business Network for Offshore Wind, an industry advocacy group.

Heather Zichal, CEO of industry organisation the American Clean Power Association, said: “This is a once-in-a-generation opportunity for California to become a global hub for floating offshore wind technology, creating thousands of good-paying American maritime and manufacturing jobs in California and beyond while boosting the domestic offshore wind supply chain.”

The terms of the auction build upon innovations developed first in the New York Bight and then the Carolina Long Bay with incentives for local stakeholder engagement and supply chain and workforce development.

“BOEM is committed to robust stakeholder engagement and ensuring any offshore wind leasing is done in a manner that avoids or minimizes potential impacts to the ocean and ocean users,” said BOEM director Amanda Lefton. “The PSN provides another opportunity for local communities, tribes, ocean users, developers and others to weigh in on potential wind energy activities offshore California.”

As in the Carolina Long Bay auction, the PSN includes a 20% credit to bidders who commit to invest in offshore wind workforce or supply chain development and “a requirement that lessees make every reasonable effort to enter into a project labour agreement covering the construction of any project proposed for the lease area”, BOEM stated.

The PSN also includes requirements for stakeholder engagement with tribes, underserved communities, and ocean users such as commercial and recreational fishers, among others, to minimise any adverse impacts of project development.

The California PSN adds a significant innovation as an olive branch to commercial fisheries in the two regions with a proposed 2.5% credit to bidders who execute a community benefit agreement with ocean users, chiefly commercial fisheries, whose use of resources harvested from a lease area is “directly impacted by the lessee’s potential offshore wind energy development”.

Offshore wind development off the Atlantic coast includes financial consideration for lost harvests, but commercial fisheries have long complained that compensation is inadequate to meet their losses, inefficiently delivered, and often excludes affected vessels.

The federal government is facing a series of lawsuits involving Vineyard Wind 1, the nation’s first commercial scale offshore wind farm, from commercial fisheries as well as environmental groups alleging negative impact to marine ecosystems as a result of the wind farm's development.
California, already a leader in renewable energy in the US, is set to firm up offshore wind commitments in line with state law AB 525, signed by governor Gavin Newsom last year, which requires at least 3GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030 and up-to 20GW by 2050, and industry advocates have eagerly anticipated the announcement for lease sales off its coastline.
“This is good news and another major step forward for developing offshore wind off California’s coast,” Adam Stern, executive director, Offshore Wind California, a trade group of offshore wind developers and technology firms, told Recharge.

“By issuing today’s PSN and staying on track for an auction in the fall, BOEM is showing that it’s serious about advancing floating offshore wind, to drive economies of scale and realize the very substantial clean power, climate, and jobs benefits that offshore wind can deliver.”

Mike Olsen, vice president of policy and government affairs at Aker Offshore Wind, which aims to build a 150MW floating project in the Humboldt WEA, told Recharge: “The release of the PSN today is a huge milestone for the development of floating wind as California seeks to address the growing climate crisis. The multi-factor auction format... shows a commitment to bringing a capable workforce and supply chain for the benefit of local communities.”
California has up to 200GW of offshore wind potential, according to data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, but will struggle with multiple build-out bottlenecks, including insufficient port capacity and an almost none-existent manufacturing supply chain, as well as delivering cost-effective power from floating wind platforms that are only now becoming commercialised.
While the California news marks a major milestone in the development of the US offshore wind sector, long development timelines mean it will not likely impact the Biden administration's goals of 30GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030.
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Published 26 May 2022, 21:01Updated 16 October 2023, 16:30
AmericasUSBOEMAmanda LeftonDeb Haaland