Biden's green law could be double-edged sword for offshore wind: ACP

President-elect Trump has vowed to terminate both the IRA and offshore wind, but study results suggest leaving the law alone might also be effective in diminishing the sector

US President Joe Biden
US President Joe BidenPhoto: Gage Skidmore/CC BY-SA 2.0

A major new study on the impact of President Joe Biden’s key legislative achievement the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) that spurs renewables development with lavish incentives finds that it may paradoxically curtail offshore wind by diverting investment to rival clean energy technologies.

The study, Economy-wide Impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act Energy Provisions, by Virginia-based consultancy ICF for industry group American Clean Power Association (ACP), found that the IRA will drive a more than three-fold increase in renewables deployment through to 2035 while spurring $3.8trn in economy-wide net spending and generating over one million jobs annually.
President-elect Donald Trump has put both the IRA and offshore wind in his crosshairs, vowing to repeal the law and halt the sector.

The conclusions of the ACP report indicate that he might be better off leaving the law alone if he wants to whither offshore wind, however.

According to the report, “IRA has small incremental impact on offshore wind generation, as offshore wind development under IRA is similar to development in the no-IRA baseline,” the report said.

Moreover, the law may actually lead to job losses in the Northeast – the centre of sector development, “due to reduced offshore wind and battery storage development under IRA,” as “IRA incentives shift incremental production to solar photovoltaics (PV) and onshore wind.”

The conclusions fly in the face of established wisdom that holds that IRA has been a lifeline for the sector amid inflationary headwinds that have driven costs upwards of $125/MWh, according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

The IRA includes 30% investment tax credits (ITC) assuming wage and apprenticeship conditions are met.

Challenged financing

“If you haven't got the tax credits, then, the returns on these projects look almost impossible. Financing them is very challenging,” said Eamon Nolan, partner at global law firm Vinson & Elkins at its New York City branch.

Nolan worked on several major sector deals including the $1.1bn Orsted-Global Infrastructure Partners' South Fork acquisition.

The ITC for offshore wind is considered so critical that New Jersey passed a law specifically to allow Danish developer Orsted to retain their value for its 1.1GW Ocean Wind 1 project. State law had initially required developers to return the value of federal ITC to ratepayers by lowering power prices.

Orsted later scrapped the project and its larger Ocean Wind 2 as even with ITC retention, it couldn’t make the economics work amid skyrocketing costs.

The IRA includes ITC adders of 10% each for domestic content and Capex in impoverished “energy communities” – districts afflicted with the legacy of fossil fuel production and/or generation.

The domestic content credit is largely off the table as the US lacks offshore wind supply chain, but the offshore wind industry fought for the energy communities adder, which the Treasury Department eventually allowed through the placement of ports and power condition equipment.
Recharge has reached out to ACP and ICF for comment.
(Copyright)
Published 20 December 2024, 17:52Updated 20 December 2024, 17:52
AmericasUSACPAJoe BidenDonald Trump