US onshore wind boom heralds busy year in developer dash for safe harbours

Wood Mackenzie’s forecast of 44GW by 2030 vastly exceeds competitors as Trump’s recent orders hang over industry

US flag and wind turbine in Iowa
US flag and wind turbine in IowaPhoto: Sen Harkin/US Department of Agriculture

US onshore wind installations surged 91% in the first quarter of this year, potentially heralding a construction boom as developers push for safe harbours amid Trump-related uncertainty, research consultancy Wood Mackenzie said today.

The nation added 2.1GW of onshore wind in Q1, on track for 8.1GW for the year, a leap over 2024's 3.9GW greenfield and 1.3GW repowering totals, according to WoodMac.

“The surge in first quarter wind installations, combined with a strong development pipeline, underscores the wind industry’s resilience and its capacity to rapidly deliver the clean, affordable, and reliable energy America needs,” said John Hensley, senior vice president of Markets and Policy Analysis at industry group American Clean Power Association (ACP).

ACP worked closely with WoodMac on producing the publication, U.S Wind Energy Monitor Report.

Amid the strong results, the groups noted a 50% plunge in new turbine orders in Q2, their lowest level since 2020, due to policy and tariff uncertainty as Congress debated the Trump-backed ‘Big Beautiful’ Budget (BBB) law.

With passage of the BBB, turbine demand, “especially for safe harbour orders – is projected to rebound in the second half” of 2025, the report noted.

The BBB gives projects until 4 July 2026 to either start construction or spend at least 5% of Capex to qualify for investment (ITC) or production (PTC) tax credits, “creating a 12-month window for developers to begin projects and qualify for the four-year safe harbour,” the report said.

“This change is expected to drive increased safe harbor equipment activity for projects targeting 2029–2030 CODs [commercial operation dates], as permitting delays and supply chain constraints continue to limit earlier timelines,” WoodMac said.

The consultancy forecasts average annual installations of 8.9GW over the next 5 years across onshore, offshore, and repowering segments.

“By the end of 2029, approximately 44GW of wind power capacity is expected to be installed, comprising nearly 33GW from new onshore greenfield projects, 6GW from offshore development and 5.4GW from repowering,” WoodMac forecast.

WoodMac’s forecasts are far rosier than its peer BloombergNEF, which sees 30GW total for onshore and 5.9GW offshore, potentially due to different weightings given to executive orders (EOs) issued by President Donald Trump and his administration in the wake of the BBB's passage.
Trump issued an EO on 7 July requiring the Treasury Department update its guidance on ‘start of construction’ that could potentially further curtail access to tax credits.

Trump’s order also requires Treasury to renew guidance on ‘foreign entities of concern’ (FEOC) rules aimed at limiting access to US markets by mostly Chinese firms.

BNEF said “the definitions around what proof is required [to comply] could render the rule burdensome or impossible to meet.”

BNEF “therefore expects that solar and wind projects will need to be safe-harboured by the end of 2025 to claim tax credits.”

By contrast, Diego Espinosa, senior research analyst at WoodMac, told Recharge: “Our point of view is that FEOC requirements are manageable in the near term, given the current thresholds. Most projects in the forecast are not expected to exceed the foreign content limits and OEMs are confident that they can meet the requirements.”

Not qualifying for tax credits “would increase unsubsidised Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) by 25% on average, a more substantial impact than tariff scenarios, which can add up to 10% to LCOE,” said Leila Garcia da Fonseca, the consultancy’s director of research.

More red tape

Further, an order issued by the Department of the Interior (DoI), which manages all development on federal lands and waters, now requires secretary Doug Burgum to personally sign off on 69 different permitting actions developers need to take, ensnarling them in red tape.

The order will have little impact on offshore wind as Trump has already completely shut down industry permitting.

As most onshore wind happens on private lands, the order won’t fully impact most onshore projects either.

Yet even on private lands, onshore wind is often subject to federal permitting, including flight path approvals and wetlands environmental go-aheads.

Industry sources tell Recharge some 27 of the 69 actions requiring Interior secretary Burgum’s sign-off will apply to private land development.
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Published 28 July 2025, 16:55Updated 28 July 2025, 18:55
AmericasUSWood MackenzieAmerican Clean Power Association